- Gross anatomy: the study of body structures visible to the naked eye (without a microscope)
- Microscopic anatomy:
- Cytology: Analysis of the internal structures of individual cell
- Histology: examination of tissues (groups of specialized cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Anatomical Position
- Anytime you describe structures relative to one another, you must assume this standard position:
- Body erect
- Feet slightly apart
- Palms facing forward
- Thumbs point away from body
Anterior Landmarks
PosteriorLandmarks
Anatomical Locations
•
Abdominal:
abdominal region
•
Acromial: the point of the shoulder
•
Antebrachial: forearm
•
Antecubital:
anterior surface of the elbow
•
Axillary:
armpit
•
Brachial:
upper arm
•
Buccal:
cheek of the face
•
Calcaneal: heel of the foot
•
Carpal: wrist
•
Cephalic: head
Anatomical Locations
•
Cervical: neck
•
Deltoid: round part of the shoulder
•
Digital: fingers and toes
•
Dorsum: back
•
Femoral: thigh
•
Frontal: forehead
•
Gluteal: buttocks
•
Hallux: big toe
•
Inguinal: groin
•
Lumbar:
lower back
•
Mammary: breast
Body Orientation and Direction
•
These
are relative positions
•
Proximal/distal
•
Used
to describe locations on the arms and legs
•
GI
tract
•
Medial/lateral
•
Medial
is closer to the midline
•
Farther
away from the midline
Body Orientation and Direction
•
Dorsal:
Back
•
Ventral:
Front
•
Superior
or Cephalad is toward the head
•
Inferior
or Caudal is toward the feet
•
Anterior:
most forward
•
Posterior:
toward the backside
Planes of the Body
Dorsal Body Cavity
•
Dorsal
cavity protects the nervous system
•
Contains
Brain and Spinal Cord
Cavities
Serous Membranes
•
Serous
Membranes have two layers
1. Parietal serosa lines internal body
walls
2. Visceral serosa covers the internal
organs
3. Serous fluid separates the serosae
Serous
Serous Membranes of the Heart
Quadrants
Abdominopelvic Regions
