Instrumen Ujian Kecergasan Fizikal : Ujian lompat kuadran (Johnson & Nelson, 1986)

Perakaunan Sem.1 Sesi 2017/2018

TUJUAN:

Mengukur prestasi ketangkasan menukar posisi badan dengan cepat berdasarkan arahan lompatan.

PERINGKAT UMUR:       

Pelajar lelaki dan perempuan Kolej Matrikulasi Malaysia.

KESAHAN:                          

Kesahan logikal diterima (Johnson & Nelson, 1986)

KEBOLEHPERCAYAAN:  

0.89 (Johnson & Nelson, 1986)

OBJEKTIVITI:                     

0.96 (Larry Malone 1969 dalam Johnson & Nelson, 1986)

                                               

KAWASAN UJIAN:          

Gelanggang bersimen yang mempunyai keluasan yang mencukupi (sekurang-kurangnya 20 kaki panjang dan 20 kaki lebar).

ALATAN:             

Jam randek, dan Pita Penanda.

PROSEDUR:       

1. Subjek berdiri di belakang garisan kecil permulaan yang disediakan.
2. Petak kuadran ditandakan dengan nombor 1, 2, 3, dan 4
3. Subjek dikehendaki melompat kedua belah kaki ke dalam petak mengikut urutan nombor 1, 2, 3, dan 4 dalam masa 10 saat.
4. Arahan `sedia’ dan `mula’ diberikan kepada subjek untuk melompat dengan kedua-dua belah kaki dalam petak kuadran 1, kemudian kedua, ketiga, keempat dan balik semula ke petak pertama.
5. Kekalkan corak lompatan begini sehingga arahan `berhenti’ diberikan.
6. DUA percubaan diberikan dengan rehat antara percubaan.

KIRAAN SKOR:

1. Skor dikira berdasarkan jumlah bilangan mendarat dengan kedua-dua belah kaki dalam petak yang betul dalam masa 10 saat.
2. Percubaan yang terbaik daripada dua percubaan diambil kira sebagai skor ujian setelah ditolak skor bagi setiap kesalahan.

KESALAHAN: 

Setengah mata (1/2) ditolak setiap kali pelaku melakukan kesalahan iaitu mendarat dengan kaki menyentuh garisan atau mendarat dalam petak yang tidak mengikut urutan sepatutnya.

TAMBAHAN:

Dua orang penguji diperlukan; seorang pembantu mengira skor dan seorang lagi mengira bilangan kesalahan subjek.

 

Kosmin Test

KML VS IPG KENT 2016

Testing and measurement are the means of collecting information upon which subsequent performance evaluations and decisions are made but in the analysis we need to bear in mind the factors that may influence the results.

Objectives

The Kosmin Test was devised in the USSR to predict an athlete's 800 metre or 1500 metre time.

Required Resources

To undertake this test you will require:

• 400 metre track
• Stop watch
• An assistant 

How to conduct the test

- 800 metres

• The athlete is required to run two controlled maximal efforts of 60 seconds with a recovery of 3 minutes. The athlete commences their second run from the point where the first run was completed. The total distance covered by the two runs is recorded

- 1500 metres

• The athlete is required to run four controlled maximal efforts of 60 seconds with a diminishing recovery of 3 minutes, 2 minutes and 1 minute. The athlete commences their next run from the point where the previous run was completed. The total distance covered by the four runs is recorded 

Kosmin Tables

Due to their size the Kosmin tables have not been included here. However, the athlete's potential 800 metre or 1500 metre time can be predicted by using the Total Distance covered in the following appropriate equation. 

Gender	Distance	Equation
Male	800 metres	Time = 217.77778 - (Total Distance x 0.119556)
Female	800 metres	Time = 1451.46 - (198.54 * Log (Total Distance))
Male	1500 metres	Time = 500.52609 - (Total Distance x 0.162174)
Female	1500 metres	Time = (500.52609 - (Total Distance x 0.162174)) + 10

Analysis

Analysis of the result is by comparing it with the results of previous tests. It is expected that, with appropriate training between each test, the analysis would indicate an improvement. 

Target Group

This test is suitable for middle distance athletes but not for individuals where the test would be contraindicated.

Reliability

Reliability would depend upon how strict the test is conducted and the individual's level of motivation to perform the test.

Validity

There are published tables to relate results to potential performance in competition and the correlation is high.

Limitations

The equations can be used for male and female athletes but they do tend to over predict for female athletes. The on line calculators here have taken adjustments for female athletes into consideration.

When to use

To predict performance and monitor progress the Kosmin tests can be used at the :

•  beginning of the winter training to establish a baseline (September/October)
• just prior to indoor racing (December/January) 
• just prior to the outdoor season (March/April)